Imogene Kings Theory of Goal Attainment

Garcia, M., Cirino, I., Elias, T., Lira, A., & Enders, B. (2014). Nurse-patient interaction in adhesion to tuberculosis treatment: reflection in the light of Imogene King. Journal of Nursing, 8(1), 2513-2521.

The authors of this article wanted to examine the importance of Kings Goal Attainment theory towards supporting patients with tuberculosis. The objective was to analyze the professional interaction of nurses and patients in adherence to tuberculosis treatment using the Theory of Goal Attainment and Conceptual Model of Interaction Open Systems by Imogene King (Garcia, Cirino, Elias, Lira, & Enders, 2014, p. 2513). The authors used a reflective-essay approach to examine the role of Kings concepts.

Synopsis
The study observed that congruent actions of both the nurses and clients produced powerful transactions thus supporting the best health outcomes. The strategy was observed to improve the level of communication between the targeted patients and their caregivers. The approach encouraged more patients to embrace the best treatment practices. The theory was observed to present positive concepts that can be used to manage tuberculosis. Effective interaction is therefore critical towards improving the outcomes of many patients (Garcia et al., 2014). Patients and caregivers should therefore set the best mutual goals. They should also focus on such goals in order to get the best health results.

Conclusion
This article is relevant for family nurse practitioners. The authors have and theoretical frameworks that can support the needs of many patients with tuberculosis. The important goal is for nurses to establish mutual goals with their patients. They should also present the best resources and opportunities in order to produce quality outcomes. This article is relevant because it presents powerful concepts that can be implemented in different healthcare settings (Garcia et al., 2014). These ideas can therefore be used in different healthcare settings. The goals attainment theory can be used to create mutual goals thus producing the best health results.

Goal attainment scaling as a measure of meaningful outcomes for children with sensory integration disorders. Summary
Mailloux, Z., May-Benson, A., Summers, A., Miller, J., Brett-Green, B., Burke, J.,Schoen, S. (2007). Goal attainment scaling as a measure of meaningful outcomes for children with sensory integration disorders. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61(1), 254-259.

Introduction
This article examines how the goal attainment scaling (GAS) methodology can be used to promote the best outcomes for children with sensory integration disorders (Mailloux et al., 2007, p. 254). This model can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of different occupational therapies. According to the authors, the model had been used widely in different occupational therapy settings. The GAS process was also observed to be effective in both multi-site and single-site studies. The practice will eventually result in treatment effectiveness.

Synopsis
The article explains how goal attainment scaling (GAS) methodology can be used in occupational therapy. The model has been applied in different occupational therapy sessions for children with sensory integration dysfunction (Mailloux et al., 2007, p. 254). The method is useful because it encourages therapists and patients to focus on the same goals. The study indicated clearly that the use of GAS was critical towards promoting effective treatment. The approach can also be applied in different clinical practice settings to achieve the best health outcomes. The article identifies the need for new researches in order to understand the limitations and benefits of this model.

The ideas presented in this article are meaningful and artistic. Nursing is an art and science that borrows a lot from new research findings (Mailloux et al., 2007, p. 254). This article explains how Kings theory of goal attainment has been improved and applied in different settings. The goal attainment scaling (GAS) methodology can therefore be applied in different situations such as occupational therapy. The GAS model is therefore appropriate for effective treatment. Nurses can use the model to improve the effectiveness of every treatment process. Collaboration should also be embraced in order to address the changing needs of different clients. Psychotherapists, physicians, and nurses can use the GAS methodology to support the needs of their clients.

Overview of the Theorists Background
Imogene Martina King is a famous theorist whose works have transformed the nature of nursing practice. Imogene King was born on 30th January 1923 in West Point (Smith, 2006, p. 6). She developed the theory of Goal Attainment in the early 1960s (Mailloux et al., 2007, p. 256). This theory has been embraced by many practitioners and nurses in different healthcare settings. Jennings (2009) believes that the theorist presented powerful thoughts that eventually transformed the nature of nursing. The outstanding fact is that King never wanted to become a nurse. She began her career in nursing after her uncle decided to pay the required tuition fees (Smith, 2006, p. 9).

Imogene King managed to receive her nursing diploma in 1945 from St. Johns Hospital School of Nursing (Jennings, 2009). This new academic achievement made it easier for her to work in different health settings. She later decided to pursue her Bachelor of Science Degree in Nursing. She eventually completed her Masters degree in 1957. Such academic goals and achievements made it easier for her to focus on new ideas in healthcare.

King worked as an instructor between 1947 and 1958 (Jennings, 2009). She also became an Assistant Director at St. Johns Hospital School of Nursing (Smith, 2006, p. 12). Throughout the 1960s, the theorist managed to write and publish various articles in nursing. For example, the article A Conceptual Frame of Reference for Nursing was published in the year 1968. She later worked as the director of nursing at Ohio State University from 1969 to 1972 (Smith, 2006, p. 53). The University of South Florida College of Nursing appointed Imogene King to become a professor of nursing in 1980 (Jennings, 2009). During the period, King provided evidence-based community services. She also used her theoretical concepts to support the changing health needs of many patients.

After her retirement in the year 1990, the theorist was named professor emeritus at the University of South Florida (Jennings, 2009, p. 147). She attended numerous conferences whereby she informed more people about her concepts in nursing. Kings conceptual framework is embraced by many nurses across the globe. In 2000, the King International Nursing Group (K.I.N.G.) was established to continue supporting the use of the theorists models (Jennings, 2009, p. 148).

Kings theory is known as the Goal Attainment. This theory states that nursing should be a process of continued interaction, action, and reaction whereby patients and nurses share their ideas towards producing a successful nursing situation (Smith, 2006, p. 16). The theory is currently used in different settings to identify the best health outcomes and support the needs of more clients. Healthcare professionals should also be ready to help their patients in order to achieve the best results. This information can be used to plan, evaluate, analyze, and implement the best nursing care (Smith, 2006).

The theory identifies three systems that work together whenever providing adequate nursing care. Such systems are personal, social, and interpersonal (Jennings, 2009, p. 147). Kings scholarly works presented new concepts for effective nursing. She wrote numerous books thus transforming the nature of healthcare. Many analysts also argue that the theorist considered teaching to be her greatest achievement (Smith, 2006, p. 49). She died on 24th December 1997. She is remembered by many scholars and nurses because of his immeasurable contributions to the field of nursing.